What are the "social determinants of health"?

The concept of "social determinants of health" refers to the broader social environments that influence health outcomes. This includes the conditions in which individuals are born, grow up, live, and age, which encompass various factors such as socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood and physical environment, employment conditions, and social support networks. These determinants play a crucial role in shaping individual and community health, impacting things like access to healthcare, lifestyle choices, and overall well-being.

Understanding social determinants of health is essential because they account for a significant portion of health disparities observed among different populations. For instance, people living in marginalized communities often face systemic barriers that affect their health, including limited access to nutritious food, safe housing, and quality education. By addressing these social determinants, public health initiatives can more effectively improve health outcomes and reduce inequities.

While other options focus on specific aspects of health—such as genetic factors, medical services, and dietary habits—none encompass the comprehensive scope of social determinants that include economic, geographic, and social conditions that impact a larger population’s health.